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The teeth on the bolt, or that such implants.
05-09-2009
Doctors have long tried to replace the prosthesis is not only the crown of the tooth – part of that looms above the gum (as happens with traditional prosthetic methods), but also its root – create artificial support for the prosthesis. In the second half of the nineteenth century. When dentistry is no longer a craft and become an independent area of medical science, was the beginning of the modern theory of the implants.
The implant (from the Latin. Im – “in, inside and plantatare -” to plant, transplant “) – a device of any material introduced in the body by surgery for permanent or temporary implementation of various functions.
Did you know that:
The term “implant” in 1891 for the first time in his work “The implantation of artificial teeth, used a surgeon at Moscow University NN Znamenskii.
Original flourishing dental implantology (the science of implants) occurred only in the second half of the twentieth century. With introduction into medical practice of stainless steels, kobaltohromovyh alloys, high strength ceramics, and especially alloys based on titanium. These materials remain alien to the organism, can, however, long enough to be in it, without causing severe reactions of the immune response. The organism is a kind of “tolerate” such material, called biocompatible.
In the 50-60-ies of our century American Leonard Linko, Swede Ingvar Branemark, and other scientists developed the design of implants and began their successful implantation.
Today, the world produced a few tens of thousands of operations of dental implantation. Their number is growing rapidly, despite the high cost of treatment, which, however, was not due to greedy on the part of doctors and expensive surgical instruments and dental prostheses, high labor costs in the treatment process, the need for participation by the most skilled and experienced professionals.
In our country, although very late, also established implant service. In accordance with the Decree of the Ministry of Health on March 4, 1986 “On measures to implement in practice the method of orthopedic treatment using implants are organized and work successfully implant centers in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kuibyshev and other cities of Russia. Being in the period of its establishment, the service that continues to evolve, becoming ever more accessible to the broadest segments of the population.
Talk more about themselves implants.
Today the world is used dozens of varieties, which in design and method of mounting in the tissues of the jaws can be divided into two main groups:
1. Intraosseous – entered through a special hole through the thickness of the bone.
2. Subperiosteal – located on the surface of the bone under the gums.
Structures of 1-st group may take the form of pins, plates, baskets, etc. Implants 2-nd group are cast in the form of the lattice, follows the relief of the bone surface. Ventplant usually produced by standard, subperiosteal also made for each patient individually, since the relief jaws of any person – is unique.
The implant, regardless of the design features, consists of three main parts:
body, locked into the tissues of the jaw;
head towering above the surface of the gums, which can be removable or permanently attached;
neck connecting the body with the head, which subsequently fixed dentures.
Implant surgery, regardless of implant design, may be one – or two-step.
Ventplant having permanently affixed the head, are introduced in one step, and dentures can be fixed on them within 1-3 weeks after surgery.
For implants with a removable head, using a two-step procedure: the first phase of the implant body is immersed in the tissue of the jaw, and gum is stitched over it. After 3-6 months, after the “fouling” of the implant bone, cut through the gums to the implant body joins the head and carried prosthesis.
Subperiosteal design usually implanted in two stages. First, after dissection and detachment of the gums, bone is removed from the surface of a cast and gum stitches. At the second stage of the operation the bone is exposed again and the implant, cast with the help of the obtained cast, falls under the gum, which keeps construction and after wound healing.
Anticipating your question: “Which type of implant is best?”, Once said that one universal design, “for all occasions” does not exist. Everything depends on the specific clinical situation. The doctor, guided by the individual characteristics of each patient, chooses the best for him and the number of types of implants, makes the plan of dental prosthetics.
After the introduction of implants, their heads are used as supports for artificial crowns, bridges, attachments for removable dentures, ie implants, in fact, serve as the roots of missing teeth.
So, apparently, no problem: remove all the damaged (and, for prevention, it is possible and healthy) teeth and replace them with beautiful dentures, fixed on the implants, which do not hurt and did not deliver hassle. Why not do it all, without exception, patients dental clinics?
It turns out that all is not so simple. Everyone who wants to resort to the implantation should be aware that even anywhere on earth not created an artificial body that would be superior to its natural pattern, or at least could be compared with him. To date, no technique is not able to compete with wildlife. Many of us often are resolved on removal and replacement of their home artificial teeth with the ease of extraordinary and inexplicable. It is unwise to follow the path of least resistance and to insist on the removal of the “sick man” of the tooth, if there is even the slightest hope to keep it, even if it requires repeated visits to the dentist and bring some unpleasant moments. Natural is always better than artificial!
Only in cases where the dentition defect is impossible to fully eliminate the “traditional” methods, it is advisable to put the question of implantation. Going to the implant surgery, remember that any accurate lifetime imlantata difficult to predict. It depends on many factors individual to each organism and not completely investigated. In any case, even under the most optimal conditions, impeccable technique of surgery and the most rational postoperative dental prosthetic implant for the body always remains a foreign body. Moreover, dental implants, compared with artificial limbs of the internal organs, is located in the most disadvantaged, as his bed through a hole in the gum communicates with the external environment. Covering human tissue – in this case, the gum tissue – in such circumstances seek to exercise its natural barrier function and the “push” a foreign body – implant. The bone around him, from the neck area – to the point of contact with the external environment is constantly dissolving, forming in the gap grows gum, implant loosening ties with the bone of the jaw, becomes mobile and is torn away.
Time of “existence” of the implant in the body can be very different. In favorable cases, the bone grows in all specially designed holes and irregularities on the surface structure, thus holding it, and operated for many years. In case of failure of the implant may lose stability after a few months or even weeks after implantation. The risk of adverse outcome, unfortunately, remains constant companion of all operations related to the transplantation of artificial organs.
The chances of success of the operation depends largely on the patient’s health status, age, shape and size of the jaws, the degree of preservation of the surviving teeth, the natural state of dentition (occlusal).
Implantation is contraindicated in:
blood diseases;
ischemic heart disease;
hypertension;
diseases of the central nervous system;
diabetes;
cancer;
severe forms of periodontal diseases;
congenital or acquired deformations of the bite.
By contraindications include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, too young and, conversely, too elderly patient. Of particular importance is the level of oral hygiene. Patients who are unable to provide sufficient clarity even their natural teeth (which is much simpler than the hygienic care of the implants), an implantation meaningless because of the possibility of rapid development of inflammation around the implant and its equally rapid rejection. Implants can not be made person in the mouth of which has at least one untreated tooth – any pocket of infection in the body and in the oral cavity in particular, is able to nullify all the efforts and the doctor-patient relationship.
Here, perhaps, all that is useful to know everyone on the pros and cons of dental implantation. In parting, take advice – take care of yourself: brush your teeth twice a day (morning and evening), rinse your mouth with water after each meal, do not abuse pastries and sweets, alcohol and tobacco, at least twice a year come to see the dentist. Believe me, it is quite possible and you will not need a dental prosthesis or implantation. All the best!
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