| | |
|
Oculomotor Nerve
02-09-2009
This nerve is mainly motor, but it also contains parasympathetic fibers to the smooth muscles of the eyeball, sympathetic fibers and a small number of sensitive fibers. Conglomerate nuclei III couples located in the central gray matter of the midbrain (at the bottom of the IV ventricle, at the level quadrigemina). Provision is large-(somatic) and small cell (parasympathetic) nucleus. By somatic are paired zadnelateralnye and anteromedial nucleus (nn. dogsolategalis et ventgomedialis), as well as unpaired central nucleus (n. caudatis centgalis) kernel Perlea, lying between the lateral
eye nuclei.
Paired (side) the nucleus innervate external muscles of the eyeball, and the nucleus Perlea innervates the ciliary muscle eye (ie ciliagis). Tsilliarnaya muscle regulates the configuration of the lens, thus the process of accommodation, ie set eyes on near vision, convergence of visual axes when installing the eye at close distances.
In accordance with the scheme Berngeymera, in the lateral nuclei emit 5 parts (front to back):
1) the core muscles for lifting the upper eyelid (m.levatog palpebge supegiog);
2) kernel for the upper rectus muscle (ie gectus supegiog);
3) kernel for the medial rectus muscle (Sh gectus shedialis);
4) core for the lower oblique muscles (S. obliquus infegiog);
5) core for the lower rectus muscle (Sh gectus infegiog).
The first two nuclei are connected with the muscles of his hand, the last three with the muscles of the opposite side, and for the inner line and the lower oblique decussation is incomplete, for the lower rectus muscle complete. Thus, when unilateral nuclear
Mr. lesion paralyzed muscles are 4 one eye on the same side and 1 arm of the other eye. With the defeat of most branches of the oculomotor nerve violations had only one eye muscle.
Small cell (parasympathetic) nucleus (n. oculo shotogius accessogius) is located in front and medial motor nucleus \ glazodvigatelnogo nerve. It consists of several clusters of nerve cells, which are united in front and rear groups. Front group (pair) lies near the midline of the brain near the water. Going on backward, left and right boundaries are combined in unpaired tyazhyadroanegpessi. Rear Unit (Jakubowicz nucleus Edinger-Westphal) adjoins to the anterior segment of the motor nucleus and innervates the inner smooth muscle of the eyeball, shoulder pupil (sphincter of the pupil), providing the reaction of the pupil to light and convergence, ie convergence of visual axes of eyes during the installation of view on close objects.
The nuclei of the oculomotor nerve fibers through the posterior longitudinal bundle (fasc.longitudinalis postegiog) associated with the nuclei of the block and abducens vestibular system and auditory nuclei, nucleus of the facial nerve nuclei and the front of the spinal cord. Because of those neural connections between the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve unit is coordinated activity of facial muscles, eyeball, and also provided Co-reflex reactions of the eyeballs, head and torso on the vestibular, auditory, visual, and possibly other signals.
The fibers of the oculomotor nerve, cross the red nucleus (n. I’ubeg) and appear on the base of the brain immediately before the bridge in the sulcus negvi osuloshotogi at the medial region of the brain stem in the fossa integpedunculagis and go to the base of the brain in sinus cavegnosus. At this stage in the oculomotor nerve is composed of sympathetic fibers of the cavernous nerve plexus surrounding the internal carotid artery in the sinus cavity,
and sensory fibers of the optic nerve (n. orhthalshisus 1 branch of the trigeminal nerve).
Then the nerve through fissuga ogbitalis supegiog enters the cavity of the orbit, and penetrating into the muscular funnel, is divided into two branches: the upper and lower (top to Sh.levatog palpebge supegiog and S. gectus supegiog, nizhnyayadlya three other muscles).
In the initial part of the orbit gives the parasympathetic oculomotor nerve to ciliary root node, which are short ciliary nerves to the ciliary muscle and
sphincter of the pupil. The number of fibers in the oculomotor nerve of about 15000 (for Cgause).
Symptoms defeat
Peripheral neuropathy of the oculomotor nerve are observed in the localization of the lesions in the aqueduct of Sylvius and the top of the optic fissure (tumor, Ha
rusheniya cerebral blood flow, inflammation, etc.). Inflammatory processes affect nerve usually at the base of the brain, between the legs of the brain. Fibers, reaching to the upper eyelid, is located externally, they suffer in the first place. Therefore, meningitis, when the inflammatory process involved and the shell of the oculomotor nerve, in the first place there ptosis.
When the oculomotor nerve is affected in the brain stem, in the pathological process involved, and the pyramidal path that leads to the development of alternating Bebert syndrome: paralysis of the oculomotor nerve on the side of the hearth and hemiplegia on the opposite.
When complete paralysis of the oculomotor nerve is noted: ptosis (eyes closed), exotropia (ekzotropiya).
Eye movements upwards, inwards impossible downwards bounded by.
Pupil expanded, there is no direct reaction of the pupil to light.
Disorders are identified convergence and accommodation.
Incomplete paralysis may be a slight ptosis, ekzotropiya, limitation of movement upwards, inwards, downwards. It may mark the defeat and certain branches of the oculomotor nerve (for example, only ptosis, a small vertical strabismus due to lesions of the upper rectus muscle).
However, please know that the ptosis is not always a sign of the defeat of the oculomotor nerve. Ptosis syndrome occurs in tumors of the century, when reactive edema, with zapadenii eyeball (decrease retrobulbarno cellulose), etc.
Any damage to the nucleus occurs Perlea paresis or paralysis akkomodatsiibolnoy starts badly to see objects up close. Convergence is usually weakened.
The weakening of convergence is often observed in exotropia (explicit or hidden) with any refraction, with myopia without strabismus, and sometimes
normal eye refraction (emmetropia) without strabismus.
Accommodation in such cases is preserved, the internal recti are working in full. Nevertheless meets diagnosis: paralysis (paresis) convergence, rather a violation of the relationship between accommodation and convergence. This state
susceptible of correction by special exercises. In the diagnosis indicated: the lack of convergence.
| |
| | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Comments
�����:you are really a good wbtamseer. The website loading speed is amazing. It kind of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a great activity in this matter! �����:BiJ9t8 mjwezmlmywds �����:2WuIbL , [url=http://xysrvtmbdixx.com/]xysrvtmbdixx[/url], [link=http://cikhjtvdsewc.com/]cikhjtvdsewc[/link], http://hcsrvsuaasxo.com/ �����:Hi James,It’s not the first time I’ve heard someone ask, Does iucarnnse cover spinal decompression? It’s a coin toss as to whether or not iucarnnse companies cover spinal decompression. (BUT to be honest, most every time if you call heads, the coin comes up tails).A typical patient who chooses to undergo this type of care (spinal decompression) usually does just that chooses. Depending on the nature of your condition, the severity of the symptoms, the chronicity etc, it is usually several thousand dollars for the decompression part of the care. I, often times, incorporate other modalities into the treatment plan (again, based upon the uniqueness of each case). Some of these services may be covered by iucarnnse and some not- each and every iucarnnse policy is different. I may use the K-Laser, the ATM2, or sometimes it’s Functional Physical Medicine, or occasionally chiropractic. Due to the high success rate and low risk of non-surgical spinal decompression, it would seem logical to approve’ this type of care prior to even letting someone undergo back surgery, right? Meaning, if it works, the iucarnnse company is out four figures vs sometimes six figures for some of the extensive back surgeries. But (illogically) that’s not how it works.This care type of care is for someone who truly wants to exhaust all the conservative therapies prior to succumbing to back surgery. So for most, it’s the principle. Its for people who understand the risk of invasive procedures. Regarding costs: I’m empathetic and understanding of the out-of-pocket costs. But I also know the priceless value it can provide if successful. So, at our policy is that if someone wants the care and needs it they can get it now. And due to the nature of the cash-out-of-pocket, well, we let the patient choose a payment plan that doesn’t stretch them too far or stress them too much. They get the care now and make payments that suit them over time or they can pay for the care up front. �����:When you think about it, that’s got to be the right anwrse. http://qxqrqwzshv.com [url=http://nhqojlvctk.com]nhqojlvctk[/url] [link=http://aowszniwds.com]aowszniwds[/link] �����:In a whiplash anecdcit the neck goes through some pretty violent motions. And you are right, I have seen people who feel fine’ afterward and then a few days or weeks later can hardly move weird, but I’ve seen it dozens of times. After a car anecdcit injury I just think it’s wise to get checked.After the ambulance and ruling out any fractures or dislocations the best thing to do is find a chiropractor who is very familiar in treating car anecdcit injuries. I really like using right after the anecdcit because it is non-invasive and it can provide significant pain relief and healing. Sometimes people don’t even want to be touched, let alone have an adjustment, and who can blame them. But with the laser therapy, you can begin the healing process right away.Our clinic, Evocare Center for Physical Health is in Lakewood, CO 3500 South Wadsworth Boulevard, Suite 302Lakewood, CO 80235-2054 �����:Dr. Spallone is the greatest doc ever!!! I had cnoihrc pain in my neck and back from who knows what:( for over 5 months at the age of 28 .. leading up to a possible back surgery that I knew would alter my future of being a lawyer, mother or even full time employee very scary for me, however from the minute I met Dr. Spallone his best efforts and empathy were displayed with intent to solve my back problems, after a month of seeing Dr. Spallone he was able to get me out of pain and into recovery!!! Praise the mighty name of Jesus!!! Me being a believer, all glory goes to God but I do want to mention that God uses people and my faith tells me that God most definitely utilized Dr. Spallone’s skills, techniques and knowledge in my healing process!! No words can express my gratitude but I hope this sincere thank you fits!!! May God bless you and your family more and more !!!! �����:I relish, cause I diesvoercd just what I was taking a look for. You’ve ended my four day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye �����:I am a Neuromuscular Therapist and treat this type of pain routinely.Pinched nerve? Not likley. That is not a medically accurate term and the condition is not that common when it occurs. Same goes for Sciatica.Aspirin, Motrin or any variety of the pain relievers do not fix this type of painful condition; they merely dull your sensitivity to the discomfort.I cannot tell you how many people come to me thinking they have sciatica or pinched nerves when really all they are dealing with is overly tight back and hip muscles. After I perform an hour or so of deep muscle massage and some stretching the pain is gone. The reason the pain comes and goes is that your muscles are on the verge of spasm all the time. When you engage in some form of physical activity, like walking, that’s just enough strain on the muscles to cause spasm and pain. Rest probably helps relieve it but the underlying cause still remains.The simplest thing to do is get some high quality deep muscle massage. I’m sure your low back and gluteuls (hip muscles) are overly tight and need some work to release them. You may also have trigger points, hyper irritable spots within these same muscles, that are referring pain from your back into your gluteuls or vice versa. Sometimes a tight hip muscle called the piriformis can squeeze on the sciatic nerve as is passes through the buttocks, but that is not a pinched nerve and is easily resolved with massage therapy. It’s highly unlikley that the pain you are experiencing has anything to do with discs or nerves. My experience has shown me that most of the pain you’re describing is coming from the muscles. Overly tight muscles and trigger points mimic pain that often gets diagnosed as sciatica.You also want to consider what the cause of this pain is: sitting too frequently or for long periods of time; weak hip muscles; not enough stretching or exercise; wearing high heeled shoes; injuries. Focus on the cause, not the symptoms. �����:What I wonder (as a pniaett diagnosed with severe Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia [this diagnosis came before the RA]) is there a difference between a single oxygen deprivation event (we’ll assume there was no brain damage) or long-term slight oxygen deprivation. For example: smokers or persons living with/working at a locale with second-hand smoke present.My neurologist sent me to a rheumatologist to confirm the diagnosis of Fibromyalgia, but he’s definitely the type of neurologist that doesn’t push prescription medications. Physical therapy, vitamins, diet changes, etc. He would definitely be interested in something like this.Have any studies (with or without conclusive evidence against a control group) been performed concerning long-term O2 levels in the blood, and the use of oxygen therapy? Smokers/second-hand smokers’ versus non-smokers, etc.Great informative post! Definitely glad I found this from a Twitter hashtag search on #Fibromyalgia. http://uzhibwco.com [url=http://wiuujrvjeav.com]wiuujrvjeav[/url] [link=http://ejizgccn.com]ejizgccn[/link]
|
|
|
|
