Anomalies of teeth

Supernumerary teeth (giperdentiya) are found in milk and in permanent teeth, more often in males.
In dairy bite teeth are fine. Supernumerary milk tooth to erupt mainly on the front section of the upper jaw.

In the permanent dentition supernumerary largest teeth are usually smaller than normal and irregularly shaped. Often they are localized at the site location of the central incisors and molars of the upper jaw.
Supernumerary subulate tooth has a conical shape with a crown and shortened roots. As a rule, it is located between the central front incisors of the upper jaw, but may also be impacted and displaced. It is likely that the cause of this phenomenon – the existence of additional tooth germ with autosomal dominant heredity.

If supernumerary tooth located between the central and lateral cutter in the upper jaw, it is called subulate tooth.

Distomolyary formed from elongated in the distal direction of the tooth plates of third molars (sometimes fourth and fifth molars). This small, similar in form with the molar teeth.

If supernumerary teeth located on the buccal surface between normal molars, they have the name “paramolyary.

Additional canines (mostly upper jaw) or premolars (especially the lower jaw) are often impacted and are detected only radiographically.

Patients with congenital failure of union of the upper jaw and palate and dy-sostosis cleidocranialis giperdentiya occurs more frequently than other patients. Sometimes at birth or after a certain time, can erupt central incisors of the mandible (natal, neonatal teeth). These teeth are not always supernumerary, this is often normal teeth, cutting through prematurely. Often, they disrupt the process of mineralization, teeth have considerable mobility (there is a possibility of loss, followed by aspiration).

Congenital absence of teeth is defined as edentia (absence of all teeth), oligodentiya (partial edentia) and gipodontiya (absence of isolated teeth). These anomalies are often combined with inherited by an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia, Down’s syndrome, congenital failure of union of the upper jaw and palate, otofatsialnym dysostosis etc.

The presence of teeth is very large or very small quantity is called, respectively makrodentiya or mikrodentiya (lateral incisors of the upper jaw, the third molars).

Rizomegaliey called the presence of roots longer than normal (teeth of the upper jaw), rizomikriey – the formation of roots of smaller length (central incisors of the upper jaw, the third molars, premolars).

Taurodentizm – a rare anomaly of the tooth, where pulpovaya chamber molars and premolars reaches of the root. The root of the broad, solid structure, with no ramifications. The structure of hard tissues of the tooth is usually normal.

A state in which there are too broad teeth with a groove or scoring on the middle (crown size is sometimes twice the normal), called gemination. Pulpovaya camera usually one, but it can bifurcate in coronal direction. The formation of this tooth is caused by disruption of development, resulting in a fusion of the rudiments of teeth. If there was separation of tooth germ, there is an additional tooth twin (shizodentiya).

Sometimes there is a full or partial merger of two adjacent tooth germs at the site root and crown. Can also connect to adjacent teeth and roots.

From the above-mentioned cases it is difficult to differentiate the seam between the teeth on the site location of cement.
Special anomaly of a single tooth is intussusception, ie, denting the surface of the tooth during its development.